# ideal gas constant

Universal Solvation Model Based on Solute Electron Density and on a Continuum Model of the Solvent Defined by the Bulk Dielectric Constant and Atomic Surface Tensions » We present a new continuum solvation model based on the quantum mechanical charge density of a solute molecule interacting with a continuum description of the solvent. The model is called SMD, where the “D” stands for “density” to denote that the full solute electron density is used without defining partial atomic charges. “Continuum” denotes that the solvent is not represented explicitly but rather as a dielectric medium with surface tension at the solute−solvent boundary. SMD is a universal solvation model, where “universal” denotes its applicability to any charged or uncharged solute in any solvent or liquid medium for which a few key descriptors are known (in particular, dielectric constant, refractive index, bulk surface tension, and acidity and basicity parameters). The model separates the observable solvation free energy into two main components. The first component is the bulk electrostatic contribution arising from a self-consistent reaction field treatment that involves the solutio Pubs.acs.org

Gas exchange measurements, what can they tell us about the underlying limitations to photosynthesis? Procedures and sources of error » Abstract. The principles, equipment and procedures for measuring leaf and canopy gas exchange have been described previously as has chlorophyll fluorescenc Dx.doi.org

r/Physics on Reddit: Boltzmann Constant vs. Ideal Gas Constant. » Posted by u/DeForest3 - 5 votes and 8 comments Reddit.com